Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Oreochromis Niloticus and Bagrus Bayad, from River Nile and Swamp Water, Sudan

Nile fish has an important role in food security and poverty alleviation in both rural and urban areas of the Sudan. The study was conducted to evaluate heavy metals Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad in River Nile at Khartoum state and Swamp water at north Kordofan State, Sudan. A total of 156 samples of Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad were collected from fish markets and the samples were subjected to analysis (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co). The data was subjected to SPSS by ANOVA. Heavy Metals accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad from Nile River at Khartoum State and Swamp water at north Kordofan State were in International permissible levels. The findings of this study revealed that, in Nile River, at Khartoum State, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) for Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pd) and Zinc (Zn) between Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad samples, but there was significant difference at (P≤0.05) for Copper (Cu) between Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad samples. There was a highly significant difference (P≤0.01) in Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co). Whereas in Swamp water, at North Kordofan State, there was significant difference (P≤0.05) for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) between Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad samples, but there was no significant difference at (P>0.05) for Lead (Pd) between Oreochromis niloticus and Bagrus bayad samples. There was a highly significant difference (P≤0.01) in Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co). According to the findings, the study recommended that, consumption of such fishes ought to be monitored to avoid the adverse effects led to by heavy metals.

Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, Bagrus bayad, Heavy Metal, River Nile, North Kordofan.